Kidney stones and bladder stones are solid accumulations of minerals that form in different parts of the urinary system and present differences in their formation, symptoms, and treatment.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones originate in the kidneys due to the crystallization of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid in the urine, among others. These stones can remain in the kidney or move into the ureter.
Symptoms may not appear until the stone passes down the ureters, through which urine empties into your bladder. When this happens, the stone may block the flow of urine from the kidney, causing severe pain in the back or side (renal colic), nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine.1
Bladder Stones
Bladder stones form in the bladder, usually due to the accumulation of residual urine, which allows minerals to crystallize. This can be caused by obstructions such as an enlarged prostate, neurological damage affecting complete bladder emptying, or the presence of medical devices like catheters.
Symptoms of bladder stones can vary depending on the size and number of stones in the bladder. In some cases, they may be asymptomatic, but when they cause irritation or blockage, they can lead to lower abdominal pain, difficulty urinating, increased urinary frequency, pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, interrupted urine flow, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary retention.
How to prevent stones? 2,3
- Maintain adequate hydration. Drink 2 to 3 liters daily to help dilute minerals in the urine and reduce the risk of stone formation.
- Maintain a balanced and healthy diet according to your type of stone. You can consult with a specialized nutritionist regarding stones if needed.
- Supplement your diet with supplements that contain ingredients to prevent crystallization and help balance your urinary pH, keeping it within the appropriate range for your type of stone.
- Maintain a healthy weight and stay active. Obesity and metabolic diseases can contribute to stone formation.
References:
1 MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Kidney stones. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000458.htm
2 MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Bladder stones. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001275.htm
3 Mayo Clinic. (2022). Bladder stones. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-stones/symptoms-causes/syc-20354339
